Solar Storms, Grounded Missions, and the Planet That Survived Its Star
Astronomy Daily: Space News July 03, 2026x
131
00:16:1114.88 MB

Solar Storms, Grounded Missions, and the Planet That Survived Its Star

AnnaAnnaHost
Astronomy Daily S05E131 — Friday, July 3, 2026 1. Swift Rescue Mission — Grounded Mid-Flight • Katalyst Space Technologies' LINK spacecraft was set to launch aboard a Pegasus XL rocket, air-launched from Northrop Grumman's Stargazer aircraft over Kwajalein Atoll. • Thursday's attempt (July 2) got airborne after two prior weather scrubs, but was aborted mid-flight when engineers spotted an unexplained warning. • No new launch date has been set. Swift faces uncontrolled reentry by October 2026 without a successful reboost. 2. Solar Storm Watch — G2 Geomagnetic Storm Active Today • X1.1 flare (June 30) plus 10 M-class flares in 24 hours from sunspot region AR4479. • NOAA SWPC G2 (moderate) geomagnetic storm watch in effect for July 3, easing July 4. • Aurora borealis potential as far south as Idaho/New York (US); aurora australis potential for Tasmania and southern NZ/VIC under clear, dark skies. 3. TESS's First Microlensing Exoplanet — Gaia23bra b • Super-Jupiter (~1.63 Jupiter masses) orbiting an orange dwarf ~40,000 light-years away, discovered via gravitational microlensing — a first for TESS. • Originally flagged by ESA's Gaia mission in 2023; confirmed using archival TESS data. • Published July 1, 2026 in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, led by Mallory Harris (University of New Mexico). 4. GJ 3378b — Revised Habitable-Zone Super-Earth, 25 Light-Years Away • UC Irvine team revised the planet's mass down to 2.3 Earth masses (rocky super-Earth, not mini-Neptune) and orbital period to 21.45 days. • Receives ~90% of the stellar radiation Earth receives from the Sun — squarely in the habitable zone. • Atmosphere unknown; planet does not transit, so JWST transit spectroscopy isn't possible. Published in The Astrophysical Journal, led by Paul Robertson (UC Irvine). 5. ESO Study: 1.7 Million Planned Satellites 'Devastating' for Astronomy • Study led by ESO astronomer Olivier Hainaut, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. • Modelled impact of proposed constellations (SpaceX ~1M for space data centres, Reflect Orbital 50,000 mirror satellites) on ESO's VLT and the Vera Rubin Observatory. • Recommends a hard cap of 100,000 satellites, all fainter than naked-eye visibility. Decision pending from the US FCC. 6. JWST Solves the WD 1856b Mystery • Gas giant (4–11 Jupiter masses) orbits a white dwarf every 34 hours, blocking 56% of its star's light during transit. • New JWST atmospheric data shows the planet is ~240K hotter than expected — evidence it migrated inward 3–5.5 billion years after the star's death, rather than surviving the red giant phase in place. • Published July 1, 2026 in Nature, led by Ryan MacDonald with Northwestern's Christopher O'Connor.

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00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 Anna: From the bytes.com podcast network. This is

00:00:02 --> 00:00:05 Astronomy Daily. I'm Anna.

00:00:05 --> 00:00:08 Avery: And I'm avery. It's Friday, July 3,

00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 2026, and we've got a proper Fourth of July

00:00:10 --> 00:00:13 weekend send off for you. A rescue mission

00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 that's still grounded, a solar storm that's

00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 actually arrived, and a planet that came back

00:00:18 --> 00:00:20 from the dead sort of.

00:00:20 --> 00:00:23 Anna: Today on the show, NASA's Swift Rescue

00:00:23 --> 00:00:25 mission hits another wall, this time mid

00:00:25 --> 00:00:28 flight. The sun is genuinely kicking

00:00:28 --> 00:00:31 off right now with a geomagnetic storm watch

00:00:31 --> 00:00:34 in effect for tonight. Hess accidentally

00:00:34 --> 00:00:36 discovers a planet it was never built to

00:00:36 --> 00:00:39 find. A red dwarf just 25 light years

00:00:39 --> 00:00:41 away might be hiding the most Earth like

00:00:41 --> 00:00:43 world we've found in ages.

00:00:43 --> 00:00:46 Astronomers sound the alarm on satellite

00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 mega constellations. And we close with a

00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 planet that shouldn't exist, orbiting the

00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 corpse of its own star.

00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 Avery: Six stories. One very busy week for the

00:00:57 --> 00:00:58 universe. Let's get into it.

00:00:59 --> 00:01:01 Anna: We start with an update to a story we've been

00:01:01 --> 00:01:04 tracking for weeks. And it's not the Update

00:01:04 --> 00:01:06 anyone wanted. NASA's mission to rescue

00:01:06 --> 00:01:09 the Swift Observatory attempted to launch on

00:01:09 --> 00:01:12 Thursday, July 2. And for the first

00:01:12 --> 00:01:14 time, it actually got off the ground.

00:01:15 --> 00:01:17 Avery: Right, quick recap for anyone just joining

00:01:17 --> 00:01:20 us. The Neil Garrels Swift Observatory is

00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 a 22 year old Gamma ray telescope that's

00:01:22 --> 00:01:25 losing altitude fast because heightened solar

00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 activity has puffed up Earth's upper

00:01:27 --> 00:01:30 atmosphere and increased drag on its orbit.

00:01:30 --> 00:01:33 Anna: Left alone, Swift reenters and burns up by

00:01:33 --> 00:01:36 October. So NASA hired a company

00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 called catalyst space technologies,

00:01:38 --> 00:01:41 $30 million, incredibly tight

00:01:41 --> 00:01:44 timeline to build a robotic spacecraft

00:01:44 --> 00:01:47 called Link 3 articulated arms.

00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 The plan is for Link to grapple Swift,

00:01:50 --> 00:01:52 a satellite that was never designed to be

00:01:52 --> 00:01:55 serviced, and shove it back up to a safer

00:01:55 --> 00:01:55 orbit.

00:01:55 --> 00:01:58 Avery: It launches piggyback. A Northrop Grumman

00:01:58 --> 00:02:00 Pegasus rocket tucked under the belly of the

00:02:00 --> 00:02:03 Stargazer aircraft takes off from Kwajalein

00:02:03 --> 00:02:06 Atoll in the Marshall Islands, climbs to

00:02:06 --> 00:02:09 about 39ft and then drops the

00:02:09 --> 00:02:11 rocket, which lights up five seconds later.

00:02:11 --> 00:02:13 This week alone, it had already been scrubbed

00:02:13 --> 00:02:14 twice for weather.

00:02:15 --> 00:02:18 Anna: So Thursday morning, Stargazer finally

00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 takes off. It's airborne, heading for the

00:02:20 --> 00:02:23 release point. And then mid flight, the team

00:02:23 --> 00:02:25 spots a, uh, warning in the data stream and

00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 makes the call not to release the rocket at

00:02:28 --> 00:02:28 all.

00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 Avery: Which is a genuinely different failure mode

00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 than what we told you earlier this week. This

00:02:32 --> 00:02:35 wasn't weather. This was an act of abort in

00:02:35 --> 00:02:38 the air on a live vehicle. It's not even

00:02:38 --> 00:02:39 clear yet whether the warning came from the

00:02:39 --> 00:02:42 rocket or from the carrier aircraft itself.

00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 Anna: No new Launch date has been set. NASA's been

00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 very upfront that this is a race against the

00:02:47 --> 00:02:50 clock. They've already suspended most of

00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 Swift's science operations since February

00:02:52 --> 00:02:55 just to buy time flying it in a low drag

00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 orientation to slow the decay.

00:02:57 --> 00:03:00 Avery: The stakes here go beyond one telescope. 2.

00:03:00 --> 00:03:03 If Link pulls this off, it's the first time a

00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 commercial spacecraft has docked with a

00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 government satellite that was never built for

00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 servicing. That's a template for saving

00:03:09 --> 00:03:11 Hubble one day or any number of aging

00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 observatories we'd otherwise just have to

00:03:13 --> 00:03:14 write off.

00:03:14 --> 00:03:17 Anna: So, still grounded, still no date, and the

00:03:17 --> 00:03:20 clock is still ticking towards October. We'll

00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 keep you posted the moment there's movement.

00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 Avery: Story 2 and if you were listening earlier

00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 this week, you'll remember we flagged the big

00:03:27 --> 00:03:30 X class flare and told you to watch the

00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 skies. Well, watch the skies.

00:03:32 --> 00:03:33 It's happening.

00:03:34 --> 00:03:36 Anna: The sun has been properly busy

00:03:36 --> 00:03:39 after that X1.1 flare from

00:03:39 --> 00:03:41 Sunspot Region

00:03:41 --> 00:03:44 AR4479 on June 30. It

00:03:44 --> 00:03:47 followed up with 10m M class flares

00:03:47 --> 00:03:49 in a single 24 hour stretch.

00:03:49 --> 00:03:52 Multiple coronal mass ejections, several of

00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 them Earth directed.

00:03:54 --> 00:03:57 Avery: NOAA Space Weather Prediction center has a G2

00:03:57 --> 00:04:00 that's a moderate geomagnetic stormwatch

00:04:00 --> 00:04:02 active for today July 3rd, with a chance of

00:04:02 --> 00:04:05 reaching G2 levels through the day as the CME

00:04:05 --> 00:04:08 arrives and interacts with Earth's magnetic

00:04:08 --> 00:04:08 field.

00:04:08 --> 00:04:11 Anna: The key thing forecasters are watching is the

00:04:11 --> 00:04:14 BZ component of the magnetic field,

00:04:14 --> 00:04:16 basically whether the storm's magnetic

00:04:16 --> 00:04:19 orientation points south, which is what lets

00:04:19 --> 00:04:21 solar wind energy pour into our

00:04:21 --> 00:04:24 magnetosphere efficiently. Get that right

00:04:24 --> 00:04:25 and the aurora show

00:04:25 --> 00:04:28 Avery: gets a lot more dramatic in the Northern

00:04:28 --> 00:04:31 Hemisphere. That means aurora potentially

00:04:31 --> 00:04:33 visible much farther south than usual.

00:04:33 --> 00:04:35 Forecasters are talking about spots like

00:04:35 --> 00:04:38 Idaho and New York if skies stay dark and

00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 clear over the coming nights.

00:04:40 --> 00:04:43 Anna: And for our Southern Hemisphere listeners,

00:04:43 --> 00:04:45 this is a genuine Aurora Australis

00:04:45 --> 00:04:48 opportunity too. D2 level storms can

00:04:48 --> 00:04:51 push the southern lights up into Tasmania

00:04:51 --> 00:04:54 and sometimes as far as southern Victoria and

00:04:54 --> 00:04:56 the Lower south island of New Zealand. If

00:04:56 --> 00:04:59 you've got clear, dark skies away from the

00:04:59 --> 00:05:01 coast tonight, it's worth a look.

00:05:01 --> 00:05:03 Avery: South conditions are expected to start

00:05:03 --> 00:05:06 easing back toward quieter levels tomorrow,

00:05:06 --> 00:05:09 July 4th as the CME's effects wane.

00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 So if you're chasing the lights tonight into

00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 the small hours is your best shot before the

00:05:14 --> 00:05:17 Northern Hemisphere's holiday fireworks take

00:05:17 --> 00:05:18 over as the main show.

00:05:19 --> 00:05:21 Anna: Our third story is a lovely bit of science

00:05:21 --> 00:05:24 serendipity. NASA's Tess, the

00:05:24 --> 00:05:27 transiting exoplanet Survey satellite has

00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 notched ah, a genuine first. Its first

00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 planet found by gravitational

00:05:32 --> 00:05:33 microlensing,

00:05:33 --> 00:05:36 Avery: which is a big deal because TESS wasn't

00:05:36 --> 00:05:39 designed for that at all. Its entire job is

00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 watching for the tiny dip in starlight when a

00:05:41 --> 00:05:43 planet crosses in front of its star.

00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 Microlensing is a completely different trick.

00:05:47 --> 00:05:49 It happens when a foreground star drifts

00:05:49 --> 00:05:52 almost exactly in front of a background star

00:05:52 --> 00:05:55 and its gravity bends and briefly magnifies

00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 that background star's light, like a natural

00:05:57 --> 00:05:57 lens.

00:05:57 --> 00:06:00 Anna: If that foreground star happens to have its

00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 own planet, the planet adds its own little

00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 flicker to that magnification event. And

00:06:05 --> 00:06:08 that's exactly what happened here. The

00:06:08 --> 00:06:11 planet's called Gaia 23 Bra, a

00:06:11 --> 00:06:13 super Jupiter, about 1.63

00:06:13 --> 00:06:16 times Jupiter's mass, orbiting an orange

00:06:16 --> 00:06:19 dwarf star roughly 40 light years away

00:06:19 --> 00:06:21 out near the galactic center.

00:06:21 --> 00:06:24 Avery: It was actually the European Space Agency's

00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 Gaia mission that first flagged the

00:06:26 --> 00:06:29 brightening event back in 2023. But

00:06:29 --> 00:06:31 Gaia's observations were too sparse to

00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 confirm a planet was involved. It was only

00:06:33 --> 00:06:36 when researchers went back and combed through

00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 tess's archival data that they realized

00:06:38 --> 00:06:41 TESS had caught the same event with enough

00:06:41 --> 00:06:42 detail to nail it down.

00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 Anna: Lead author Mallory Harris, a UH doctoral

00:06:45 --> 00:06:48 candidate at the University of New Mexico,

00:06:48 --> 00:06:51 published The findings on July 1st in the

00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 Astrophysical Journal Letters. And the

00:06:53 --> 00:06:56 tantalizing bit is what it implies. TESS

00:06:56 --> 00:06:59 has been quietly recording eight years of

00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 data and nobody was looking for this kind of

00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 signal. There could be plenty more of these

00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 hiding in the archive.

00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 Avery: It's also a nice bit of foreshadowing.

00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 NASA's Roman Space Telescope, on track to

00:07:10 --> 00:07:13 launch August 30 this year, is being

00:07:13 --> 00:07:16 purpose built for exactly this kind of

00:07:16 --> 00:07:18 survey. It's expected to find around

00:07:18 --> 00:07:21 1 microlensing planets. By staring

00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 into the crowded center of The Galaxy

00:07:24 --> 00:07:27 Gaia, uh, 23B is basically a

00:07:27 --> 00:07:28 preview of what's coming.

00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 Story four takes us a lot closer to home,

00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 just 25 light years away, which in galactic

00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 terms is basically next door.

00:07:36 --> 00:07:36 Anna: This is

00:07:36 --> 00:07:39 GJ3378B,

00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 a rocky world orbiting a faint red dwarf

00:07:42 --> 00:07:45 star in the constellation Camilo partillaris,

00:07:45 --> 00:07:48 the giraffe. It was actually first picked up

00:07:48 --> 00:07:50 back in 2024 by French astronomers,

00:07:50 --> 00:07:53 but the original numbers pegged it as a puffy

00:07:53 --> 00:07:56 mini Neptune, five times Earth's mass,

00:07:56 --> 00:07:59 orbiting on a 25 day period, sitting

00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 right at the edge of the habitable zone.

00:08:01 --> 00:08:04 Avery: A team at UC Irvine led by Paul

00:08:04 --> 00:08:07 Robertson went back with two instruments. The

00:08:07 --> 00:08:09 Habitable Zone Planet Finder on the Hobby

00:08:09 --> 00:08:12 Eberly Telescope in Texas and the NED

00:08:12 --> 00:08:15 Spectrometer on the YIYN Telescope

00:08:15 --> 00:08:18 at Kitt Peak in Arizona and revised those

00:08:18 --> 00:08:21 numbers substantially. Robertson put it

00:08:21 --> 00:08:24 nicely this super Earth gets about 90%

00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 of the radiation Earth gets from the sun

00:08:27 --> 00:08:29 right in the sweet spot for liquid water, at

00:08:29 --> 00:08:30 least in principle.

00:08:30 --> 00:08:33 Anna: The catch, and there's always a catch with

00:08:33 --> 00:08:36 red dwarfs, is that these stars can be

00:08:36 --> 00:08:38 vicious with stellar wind and radiation,

00:08:38 --> 00:08:41 which tends to strip atmospheres clean

00:08:41 --> 00:08:43 off nearby planets. And because

00:08:43 --> 00:08:46 GJ3378B doesn't

00:08:46 --> 00:08:49 transit its star from our point of view, we

00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 can't use transit spectroscopy to check

00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 whether it's actually kept in atmosphere, the

00:08:54 --> 00:08:57 trick JWST has been using on planets

00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 like the Trappist 1 system.

00:09:00 --> 00:09:03 Avery: So the honest answer is nobody knows yet.

00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 We'll likely have to wait for NASA's

00:09:05 --> 00:09:07 Habitable Worlds Observatory, which isn't due

00:09:07 --> 00:09:10 to launch until sometime in the 2000-40s, to

00:09:10 --> 00:09:13 get a direct look. But for a planet this

00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 close and this promising, that's a long wait

00:09:15 --> 00:09:17 worth marking on the calendar.

00:09:17 --> 00:09:20 Anna: Dory 5 is one that hits close to home

00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 for us, quite literally given our own dark

00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 skies down here in the Southern Hemisphere.

00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 Avery: The European Southern Observatory has

00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 published the first study to actually

00:09:30 --> 00:09:32 calculate what happens to ground based

00:09:32 --> 00:09:35 astronomy if current satellite mega

00:09:35 --> 00:09:38 constellation proposals go ahead and um, the

00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 word ESO used was devastating.

00:09:41 --> 00:09:43 Anna: There are currently somewhere around 14

00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 to 17 satellites in

00:09:46 --> 00:09:49 orbit. But between SpaceX, which wants

00:09:49 --> 00:09:52 roughly a million more for space based data

00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 centers, and companies like

00:09:54 --> 00:09:56 Reflectorbital, which is proposing three

00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 50 mirror satellites designed to beam

00:09:59 --> 00:10:02 sunlight down to Earth at night, the combined

00:10:02 --> 00:10:05 proposals on the table add up to over

00:10:05 --> 00:10:08 1.7 million satellites.

00:10:08 --> 00:10:11 Avery: The study, led by ESO astronomer

00:10:11 --> 00:10:14 Olivier Hainau and accepted for publication

00:10:14 --> 00:10:17 in Astronomy and Astrophysics, modeled the

00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 actual imaging impact for a SpaceX

00:10:19 --> 00:10:22 scale constellation. Even if every satellite

00:10:22 --> 00:10:25 stayed just below naked eye brightness, the

00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 study found it would produce dozens of trails

00:10:28 --> 00:10:31 per image on ESO's Very Large Telescope,

00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 cutting usable field of view by up to

00:10:33 --> 00:10:34 28%.

00:10:34 --> 00:10:37 Anna: It gets worse for the Vera Rubin

00:10:37 --> 00:10:39 Observatory's new legacy survey of Space and

00:10:39 --> 00:10:42 Time, which just began full science

00:10:42 --> 00:10:45 operations. If those satellites were even a

00:10:45 --> 00:10:48 little brighter than assumed, most of Rubin's

00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 images each night could be rendered

00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 essentially unusable.

00:10:52 --> 00:10:55 Avery: And reflect orbital's mirrors are their own

00:10:55 --> 00:10:57 special problem. Even when they're not

00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 pointed directly at an observer, the

00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 scattered light alone could brighten the

00:11:01 --> 00:11:04 entire night sky three to four times over.

00:11:04 --> 00:11:06 I now describe the single one of those

00:11:06 --> 00:11:09 mirrors as being as Bright as, uh, Venus, the

00:11:09 --> 00:11:10 so called Morning Star.

00:11:11 --> 00:11:13 Anna: ESO's recommendation is a hard

00:11:13 --> 00:11:16 ceiling, no more than 100

00:11:16 --> 00:11:19 satellites total, all kept fainter than

00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 naked eye visibility. Worth noting, this

00:11:21 --> 00:11:24 study also directly informs the

00:11:24 --> 00:11:26 observatories closest to us here in the

00:11:26 --> 00:11:29 southern hemisphere, since ESO's Very

00:11:29 --> 00:11:32 Large Telescope and the Extremely Large

00:11:32 --> 00:11:34 Telescope currently under construction. Both

00:11:34 --> 00:11:36 sit in the Chilean Atacama Desert.

00:11:37 --> 00:11:40 Avery: SpaceX and reflect orbital are both still

00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 waiting for a decision from the U.S. federal

00:11:42 --> 00:11:44 Communications Commission about whether their

00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 proposed constellations get approved. And

00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 this study is now very much part of that

00:11:48 --> 00:11:49 conversation.

00:11:49 --> 00:11:52 And for our, uh, final story today, one

00:11:52 --> 00:11:54 that's been bugging astronomers since 2020,

00:11:54 --> 00:11:57 and JWST just cracked it.

00:11:57 --> 00:11:59 Anna: Meet WD 1856

00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 b. It's a gas giant,

00:12:02 --> 00:12:05 somewhere between 4 and 11 times

00:12:05 --> 00:12:07 Jupiter's mass. And it orbits its star

00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 every 34 hours, less than 3

00:12:10 --> 00:12:13 million kilometers out, 50 times

00:12:13 --> 00:12:16 closer than Earth is to the Sun. When it

00:12:16 --> 00:12:19 transits, it blocks 56% of

00:12:19 --> 00:12:22 the star's light, one of the deepest transits

00:12:22 --> 00:12:23 ever recorded.

00:12:23 --> 00:12:26 Avery: Here's the problem. The star it's orbiting is

00:12:26 --> 00:12:29 a white dwarf, the collapsed Earth

00:12:29 --> 00:12:32 sized corpse of a star that has already gone

00:12:32 --> 00:12:34 through its red giant phase, where it swells

00:12:34 --> 00:12:37 up hundreds of times its original size and

00:12:37 --> 00:12:40 incinerates anything nearby. A, uh,

00:12:40 --> 00:12:42 planet orbiting this close should have been

00:12:42 --> 00:12:45 vaporized billions of years ago when the star

00:12:45 --> 00:12:47 was still ballooning outward.

00:12:47 --> 00:12:50 Anna: So how is it still there? Using

00:12:50 --> 00:12:52 JWST, an international team

00:12:52 --> 00:12:55 including Northwestern's Christopher O'

00:12:55 --> 00:12:57 Connor and lead author Ryan McDonald measured

00:12:57 --> 00:13:00 the planet's atmosphere directly for the

00:13:00 --> 00:13:03 first time. Gas temperature and chemical

00:13:03 --> 00:13:05 composition, including methane and

00:13:05 --> 00:13:07 hydrocarbon haze, which would give it a color

00:13:07 --> 00:13:09 similar to Saturn's moon.

00:13:09 --> 00:13:11 Avery: Titanium and the temperature was the

00:13:11 --> 00:13:13 giveaway. The planet's running at around

00:13:13 --> 00:13:15 400 kelvin, roughly

00:13:15 --> 00:13:18 240 degrees hotter than

00:13:18 --> 00:13:21 it should be if it were only being warmed by

00:13:21 --> 00:13:24 the faint light of its dead star. That extra

00:13:24 --> 00:13:25 heat had to come from somewhere.

00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 Anna: By modeling how giant planets cool over time,

00:13:29 --> 00:13:31 the team worked backward and found the planet

00:13:31 --> 00:13:34 was heated somewhere between 3 and 5.5

00:13:34 --> 00:13:36 billion years after the white dwarf formed.

00:13:37 --> 00:13:39 In other words, it wasn't sitting in this

00:13:39 --> 00:13:41 tight, dangerous orbit during the red giant

00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 phase at all. It was out at a safe distance

00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 the whole time and only migrated inward

00:13:46 --> 00:13:49 billions of years later through gravitational

00:13:49 --> 00:13:51 interactions with other bodies in the system,

00:13:51 --> 00:13:52 eating up as it went.

00:13:53 --> 00:13:56 Avery: It didn't survive the apocalypse. It arrived

00:13:56 --> 00:13:57 after the funeral.

00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 Anna: Which makes this more than just a curiosity,

00:14:00 --> 00:14:03 because our own sun is going to do exactly

00:14:03 --> 00:14:05 this in about 5 billion years swell

00:14:05 --> 00:14:08 into a red giant, almost certainly consume

00:14:08 --> 00:14:11 Mercury and Venus, with Earth sitting right

00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 on the edge of that danger zone. Jupiter and

00:14:13 --> 00:14:16 Saturn will very likely survive that phase

00:14:16 --> 00:14:18 out at a safe distance, just like

00:14:18 --> 00:14:21 WD1856B's planet originally

00:14:21 --> 00:14:21 did.

00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 Avery: And what this research suggests is that the

00:14:24 --> 00:14:27 story doesn't necessarily end there. Over

00:14:27 --> 00:14:30 billions more years afterward, gravitational

00:14:30 --> 00:14:32 nudges could send one of our own surviving

00:14:32 --> 00:14:35 gas giants migrating inward, closer

00:14:35 --> 00:14:38 to whatever's left of the sun, just like this

00:14:38 --> 00:14:40 planet did around its white dwarf.

00:14:40 --> 00:14:42 Anna: As the researchers put it, stellar death

00:14:42 --> 00:14:45 isn't necessarily the end. Some planets

00:14:45 --> 00:14:48 get a whole second act afterwards. A

00:14:48 --> 00:14:50 nice thought to leave you with heading into

00:14:50 --> 00:14:50 the weekend.

00:14:51 --> 00:14:53 Avery: And that's a wrap on Astronomy daily for

00:14:53 --> 00:14:56 Friday, July 3. A grounded rescue

00:14:56 --> 00:14:59 mission, A solar storm right over our heads.

00:14:59 --> 00:15:02 A planet Tess wasn't even looking for. A

00:15:02 --> 00:15:05 promising new neighbor 25 light years out,

00:15:05 --> 00:15:08 a warning about our crowding skies, and a

00:15:08 --> 00:15:10 planet that outlived its own star's death.

00:15:11 --> 00:15:14 Anna: If you're in the US have a safe and happy 4th

00:15:14 --> 00:15:16 of July weekend. And if the skies stay dark

00:15:16 --> 00:15:19 and clear, maybe let the aurora provide a few

00:15:19 --> 00:15:20 fireworks of its own tonight.

00:15:21 --> 00:15:23 Avery: If you enjoyed today's episode, please hit

00:15:23 --> 00:15:25 subscribe wherever you're listening and, uh,

00:15:25 --> 00:15:27 leave us a review. If you can spare 30

00:15:27 --> 00:15:29 seconds, it really does help new listeners

00:15:29 --> 00:15:30 find the show.

00:15:30 --> 00:15:33 Anna: You can find full show notes, sources and

00:15:33 --> 00:15:35 links at astronomydaily IO and

00:15:35 --> 00:15:38 follow us on socials@astrodaily pod.

00:15:38 --> 00:15:41 We're back tomorrow with more from across the

00:15:41 --> 00:15:43 universe and of course, the weekend wrap.

00:15:43 --> 00:15:44 Avery: I'm Avery.

00:15:44 --> 00:15:46 Anna: I'm Anna. Clear skies, everyone.

00:15:47 --> 00:15:48 Astronomy Day

00:15:50 --> 00:15:51 stories. Mhm. Be told.