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00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 Anna: Hey, everyone. Welcome back to Astronomy
00:00:03 --> 00:00:04 Daily. I'm Anna.
00:00:04 --> 00:00:06 Avery: And I'm, um, avery. It's Thursday, August
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 20th, series five, episode
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 Anna: 172, and we're leading with a genuine
00:00:11 --> 00:00:12 milestone today.
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 China's commercial space sector just proved
00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 it can land a rocket, not just launch one.
00:00:19 --> 00:00:21 Avery: Landspace sticks. The landing on Zoo Q3.
00:00:22 --> 00:00:24 First time any Chinese private company has
00:00:24 --> 00:00:25 pulled that off.
00:00:25 --> 00:00:28 Anna: Then a, uh, planet that's somehow 23 times
00:00:28 --> 00:00:31 heavier than Earth while barely being any
00:00:31 --> 00:00:33 bigger, which really shouldn't be possible.
00:00:34 --> 00:00:36 A star doing laps around our galaxy's
00:00:36 --> 00:00:39 supermassive black hole. Faster and closer
00:00:39 --> 00:00:42 than anything we've ever tracked. And new
00:00:42 --> 00:00:45 James Webb data suggesting the early universe
00:00:45 --> 00:00:48 has been hiding a huge chunk of its mass from
00:00:48 --> 00:00:49 us this whole time.
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 Avery: Plus tonight. Good excuse to actually get the
00:00:52 --> 00:00:53 telescope out and look at some craters.
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 Anna: Lots to get through. Let's get into it.
00:00:57 --> 00:00:59 Avery: Okay, so China and rockets. We were just
00:00:59 --> 00:01:01 talking about this two episodes ago, right?
00:01:02 --> 00:01:04 The Long March failure and the fast recovery.
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 Anna: Right. But this is a completely different
00:01:07 --> 00:01:09 story and honestly a bigger one. Long term.
00:01:10 --> 00:01:12 That was China's state space program. Long
00:01:12 --> 00:01:15 March rockets run by the state owned main
00:01:15 --> 00:01:18 contractor. This is China's commercial
00:01:18 --> 00:01:20 sector. And specifically a company called
00:01:20 --> 00:01:21 Landspace.
00:01:21 --> 00:01:23 Avery: Which does what exactly?
00:01:23 --> 00:01:26 Anna: Landspace was founded back in 2015, one of
00:01:26 --> 00:01:28 the first wave of Chinese private launch
00:01:28 --> 00:01:31 companies. Their rocket is called Zhuque 3
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 or ZQ3, and it's a big one.
00:01:34 --> 00:01:37 Stainless steel construction, liquid methane
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 propulsion, standing 76.6
00:01:39 --> 00:01:42 meters tall. For comparison, a Falcon 9
00:01:42 --> 00:01:45 is about 70 meters. This thing is taller
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 than what SpaceX flies.
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 Avery: So already an ambitious vehicle before you
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 even get to the landing.
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 Anna: Exactly. And landing is the part that matters
00:01:54 --> 00:01:57 here. Zoo K3 flew for the first time back in
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 December 2025. That flight actually
00:01:59 --> 00:02:02 reached orbit successfully, which is already
00:02:02 --> 00:02:05 a big deal for a new rocket. But the landing
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 attempt on the first stage didn't work out.
00:02:07 --> 00:02:09 Avery: So this was the do over.
00:02:09 --> 00:02:12 Anna: This was the do over. And yesterday, August
00:02:12 --> 00:02:15 19th, they nailed it. Liftoff was from the
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 Dongfang Commercial Space Innovation Zone in
00:02:17 --> 00:02:20 northwestern China. And about eight minutes
00:02:20 --> 00:02:23 after launch, the first stage came down on
00:02:23 --> 00:02:24 four landing legs, roughly
00:02:24 --> 00:02:27 390km downrange, out
00:02:27 --> 00:02:30 in Minquin County, Gansu Province. It
00:02:30 --> 00:02:33 came in on a single Tiem Kwei 12 engine.
00:02:33 --> 00:02:36 Touched down close to dead center on the pad.
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 Avery: Eight minutes from launch to landing. That's
00:02:38 --> 00:02:40 a very SpaceX shaped timeline.
00:02:40 --> 00:02:43 Anna: It's the same basic playbook. Yeah. Boost,
00:02:43 --> 00:02:46 separate, flip, come back down under power.
00:02:46 --> 00:02:49 Nobody outside SpaceX had made that work on
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 an orbital class booster with actual
00:02:51 --> 00:02:54 repeatability. Until now. There have been a
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 couple of smaller Chinese hop tests and
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 suborbital attempts from other companies, but
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 landing an orbital class booster on a real
00:03:01 --> 00:03:04 orbital mission is a different tier of
00:03:04 --> 00:03:04 difficulty.
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 Avery: What does Landspace actually get from one
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 successful landing? Is the booster flying
00:03:09 --> 00:03:10 again next week?
00:03:11 --> 00:03:14 Anna: Not next week, no. This is very much a prove
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 the concept flight rather than a, uh, ready
00:03:16 --> 00:03:19 for daily reuse flight. But it's the step
00:03:19 --> 00:03:21 everything else depends on. Landspace
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 themselves are, uh, framing it as moving
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 toward the engineering application phase of
00:03:25 --> 00:03:28 reusability. In other words, this is where
00:03:28 --> 00:03:31 you stop asking can this work at all? And
00:03:31 --> 00:03:33 start asking how do we make this routine?
00:03:34 --> 00:03:36 Avery: Any hiccups? These things usually aren't
00:03:36 --> 00:03:37 perfectly clean.
00:03:37 --> 00:03:40 Anna: The core landing itself was clean, legs
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 deployed, touched down where it was supposed
00:03:42 --> 00:03:45 to. Some reporting mentioned activity in the
00:03:45 --> 00:03:47 aft section of the booster after landing,
00:03:47 --> 00:03:49 which, given this is methane fueled hardware
00:03:49 --> 00:03:52 coming down hot isn't unheard of even on
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 successful landings. SpaceX has had post
00:03:54 --> 00:03:57 landing fires on otherwise successful Falcon
00:03:57 --> 00:04:00 9 recoveries too. It doesn't take away from
00:04:00 --> 00:04:02 the fact that the vehicle landed intact and
00:04:02 --> 00:04:03 upright.
00:04:03 --> 00:04:06 Avery: So bottom line, why should our listeners care
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 about one Chinese company landing one
00:04:08 --> 00:04:09 rocket?
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 Anna: Because reusability is the thing that
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 actually changes the economics of
00:04:13 --> 00:04:16 spaceflight. It's why Falcon 9 turned SpaceX
00:04:16 --> 00:04:19 from one very good rocket company into the
00:04:19 --> 00:04:21 company that now launches more than anyone
00:04:21 --> 00:04:24 else multiple times a week. China's had
00:04:24 --> 00:04:26 a state level reusable rocket effort in
00:04:26 --> 00:04:28 progress for years, but this is the first
00:04:28 --> 00:04:31 time a private Chinese company has shown it
00:04:31 --> 00:04:33 can do the hardest part. Landspace just put
00:04:33 --> 00:04:36 itself in what's genuinely a very short list
00:04:36 --> 00:04:38 of organizations on Earth that have landed an
00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 orbital class booster.
00:04:40 --> 00:04:41 Avery: A list that's about to get a
00:04:41 --> 00:04:43 Anna: little more competitive, which is good for
00:04:43 --> 00:04:45 everyone watching prices honestly.
00:04:46 --> 00:04:49 Next up, over to exoplanets and a
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 planet that's breaking the rules just by
00:04:51 --> 00:04:51 existing.
00:04:52 --> 00:04:52 Avery: Go on.
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 Anna: It's called GJ523B.
00:04:56 --> 00:04:59 Team led by Max Croft at the University of
00:04:59 --> 00:05:01 Wisconsin Madison, found it using NASA's
00:05:01 --> 00:05:04 TESS spacecraft, then confirmed it with
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 follow up observations from the Wynn
00:05:07 --> 00:05:10 3.5-meter telescope at Kitt Peak in
00:05:10 --> 00:05:12 Arizona. Here's the number that makes it
00:05:12 --> 00:05:15 interesting. This planet is 23
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 and a half times the mass of Earth.
00:05:18 --> 00:05:21 Avery: Okay, so a mini Neptune gas envelope
00:05:21 --> 00:05:21 and all.
00:05:21 --> 00:05:24 Anna: That's exactly what you'd expect. And that's
00:05:24 --> 00:05:27 exactly what it isn't. It's only about 2 1/2
00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 times Earth's width. Do that math. 23
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 times the mass in barely 2 1/2 times the size
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 and you get something extremely den and
00:05:35 --> 00:05:38 as far as they can tell, mostly rock. Not a
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 puffed up gas world at all.
00:05:40 --> 00:05:41 Avery: Why is that a problem?
00:05:42 --> 00:05:44 Anna: Because planet formation models are pretty
00:05:44 --> 00:05:47 clear on this. Once a rocky core gets big
00:05:47 --> 00:05:50 enough and 23 earth masses is well past
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 that threshold, it should have enough gravity
00:05:52 --> 00:05:55 to grab a thick hydrogen helium atmosphere
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 from the disk of gas around its young star
00:05:57 --> 00:06:00 and balloon outward the way Neptune or Uranus
00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 did. DJ523B had
00:06:03 --> 00:06:06 every opportunity to do that. It orbits its
00:06:06 --> 00:06:08 star every 17.75 days
00:06:08 --> 00:06:11 and the whole system is only about 170
00:06:11 --> 00:06:14 million years old. Young enough that there
00:06:14 --> 00:06:15 should have still been plenty of gas around
00:06:15 --> 00:06:16 when it formed.
00:06:17 --> 00:06:19 Avery: And instead it just didn't bother.
00:06:20 --> 00:06:23 Anna: Instead it just stayed rock all the way up to
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 23 earth masses. Croft's own quote on
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 it was this isn't what we expected at all.
00:06:28 --> 00:06:31 Which for a planetary scientist is basically
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 Avery: shouting, so what's the explanation?
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 Anna: Honestly, right now they don't fully have
00:06:36 --> 00:06:39 one. Maybe it formed somewhere else closer
00:06:39 --> 00:06:41 in, in a gas poor environment and never had
00:06:41 --> 00:06:44 the chance to accrete an atmosphere. Maybe it
00:06:44 --> 00:06:46 did have one and something stripped it away
00:06:46 --> 00:06:49 early. That's the appeal of finding it. It's
00:06:49 --> 00:06:51 a genuine outlier that doesn't fit the
00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 models, which usually means there's a piece
00:06:53 --> 00:06:55 of planet formation physics we're still
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 missing. I'll flag this result's been
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 submitted to the Astronomical Journal, but
00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 hasn't gone through peer review yet. So
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 consider it an exciting first look rather
00:07:03 --> 00:07:04 than a settled result.
00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 Avery: The universe's way of telling planetary
00:07:07 --> 00:07:09 scientists they're not done yet.
00:07:09 --> 00:07:10 Anna: It never is.
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 Avery: Alright, this next one is genuinely one of my
00:07:13 --> 00:07:16 favorite kinds of stories. Extreme physics,
00:07:16 --> 00:07:17 extreme numbers.
00:07:18 --> 00:07:19 Anna: You're going to like this. Then there's a
00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 star newly cataloged as S301
00:07:22 --> 00:07:25 that's been found orbiting Sagittarius A,
00:07:25 --> 00:07:28 the supermassive black hole at the center of
00:07:28 --> 00:07:29 our own galaxy.
00:07:29 --> 00:07:31 Avery: We've talked about the S stars before, right?
00:07:31 --> 00:07:34 The ones that whip around Sagittarius A on
00:07:34 --> 00:07:36 tight orbits we have.
00:07:36 --> 00:07:39 Anna: And S301 just took the crown from all
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 of them. It gets within 12 astronomical
00:07:41 --> 00:07:43 units of the black hole at closest approach.
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 That's closer than any star ever tracked
00:07:46 --> 00:07:49 around. Sagittarius A, moving at, uh, roughly
00:07:49 --> 00:07:52 25 kilometers per second. And
00:07:52 --> 00:07:54 it completes one full orbit in just
00:07:54 --> 00:07:55 8.7 years.
00:07:56 --> 00:07:58 Avery: 8.7 years to loop around the
00:07:58 --> 00:08:01 supermassive black hole. For comparison,
00:08:01 --> 00:08:04 Jupiter takes about 12 years just to go
00:08:04 --> 00:08:05 around our sun, right?
00:08:05 --> 00:08:08 Anna: And Sagittarius a is about 4
00:08:08 --> 00:08:11 million times the mass of our Sun. So The
00:08:11 --> 00:08:13 Physics Environment S301 is living in
00:08:14 --> 00:08:17 is nothing like anything in our solar system.
00:08:17 --> 00:08:20 This was found by a team led by K. Abdel
00:08:20 --> 00:08:22 Diam at the Paris Observatory, working with
00:08:22 --> 00:08:25 Felix Meng and Stephan Gillison at the Max
00:08:25 --> 00:08:27 Planck Institute, Juana Sorno at Paris
00:08:27 --> 00:08:30 psl and the broader collaboration is directed
00:08:30 --> 00:08:33 by Reinhard Genzel, Nobel Laureate for his
00:08:33 --> 00:08:35 work proving Sagittarius A is a
00:08:35 --> 00:08:38 supermassive black hole in the first place.
00:08:38 --> 00:08:41 Avery: So why does one extreme star matter
00:08:41 --> 00:08:43 beyond just being a cool record breaker?
00:08:44 --> 00:08:47 Anna: Because an orbit this tight and this precise
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 becomes a physics instrument. General
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 relativity predicts that a, uh, spinning
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 massive object drags spacetime around with
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 it. It's called the lens theoring effect,
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 or frame dragging. We've measured tiny
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 versions of this effect around Earth with
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 satellites. Nobody has ever directly
00:09:04 --> 00:09:07 measured it around a, uh, supermassive black
00:09:07 --> 00:09:09 hole because you need a star orbiting close
00:09:09 --> 00:09:12 enough, fast enough and predictably enough
00:09:12 --> 00:09:15 to detect the tiny relativistic wobble it
00:09:15 --> 00:09:15 causes.
00:09:16 --> 00:09:19 Avery: And S301 threads that needle.
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 Anna: That's the hope. The team thinks that with
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 continued observation, they could measure
00:09:23 --> 00:09:26 Sagittarius A's actual SP
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 within a decade. That would be the first
00:09:28 --> 00:09:31 direct spin measurement of any supermassive
00:09:31 --> 00:09:34 black hole anywhere. Not modeled,
00:09:34 --> 00:09:36 not inferred from surrounding gas.
00:09:37 --> 00:09:39 Measured from watching a star get pushed
00:09:39 --> 00:09:42 around by the black hole, literally dragging
00:09:42 --> 00:09:43 space itself.
00:09:44 --> 00:09:46 Avery: A, uh, decade's a long wait, but that's a
00:09:46 --> 00:09:47 hell of a payoff.
00:09:48 --> 00:09:49 Anna: Worth the patience.
00:09:49 --> 00:09:51 Alright, moving on to our last story before
00:09:51 --> 00:09:54 we get to tonight's sky. And this one's a
00:09:54 --> 00:09:56 quiet result that could have a pretty loud
00:09:56 --> 00:09:57 effect on cosmology.
00:09:58 --> 00:09:59 Avery: How loud are we talking?
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 Anna: Up to four times loud. A team led by
00:10:03 --> 00:10:06 Chloe Chang at Leiden University looked at
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 nine quiescent galaxies, meaning galaxies
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 that have basically stopped forming new
00:10:10 --> 00:10:13 stars. Sitting at a redshift of about
00:10:13 --> 00:10:16 0.7, they used James Webb's
00:10:16 --> 00:10:19 NIR SPECT instrument, combined with data from
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 the Very Large Telescope's LEGA survey to
00:10:21 --> 00:10:24 look really closely at the actual population
00:10:24 --> 00:10:27 of star stars inside these galaxies
00:10:27 --> 00:10:30 and found something we'd been missing. A lot
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 of something. Turns out these galaxies
00:10:32 --> 00:10:35 contain far more faint, low mass stars
00:10:35 --> 00:10:38 than anyone had accounted for. They'd simply
00:10:38 --> 00:10:41 been outshone and hidden by the smaller
00:10:41 --> 00:10:43 number of bright stars in the same galaxies.
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 Once you properly count the dim ones, the
00:10:46 --> 00:10:49 true stellar mass of these galaxies goes up
00:10:49 --> 00:10:50 by something like a factor
00:10:50 --> 00:10:53 Avery: of four, four or times the mass.
00:10:53 --> 00:10:55 Just hiding in plain sight.
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 Anna: Hiding in Plain sight. And it wasn't random.
00:10:58 --> 00:11:00 Which galaxies had the most hidden mass
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 either. The oldest galaxy in the sample,
00:11:03 --> 00:11:06 one that started forming stars less than 500
00:11:06 --> 00:11:09 million years after the Big Bang, had the
00:11:09 --> 00:11:12 largest hidden population of low mass stars.
00:11:12 --> 00:11:15 Avery: Why would older galaxies hide more mass
00:11:15 --> 00:11:16 specifically?
00:11:16 --> 00:11:18 Anna: That's the open question, and it's a
00:11:18 --> 00:11:21 genuinely important one, because it means the
00:11:21 --> 00:11:24 ratio of small stars to big stars. What
00:11:24 --> 00:11:26 astronomers call the initial mass function
00:11:26 --> 00:11:29 might not be the same constant everywhere and
00:11:29 --> 00:11:32 everywhen, the way models have generally
00:11:32 --> 00:11:34 assumed. If early galaxies
00:11:34 --> 00:11:37 systematically formed proportionally more low
00:11:37 --> 00:11:40 mass stars, every mass estimate we've made
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 for the early universe using the standard
00:11:42 --> 00:11:44 assumption could be off.
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 Avery: Which affects a lot more than just these nine
00:11:46 --> 00:11:47 galaxies.
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50 Anna: Right. It touches how we calculate galaxy
00:11:50 --> 00:11:53 masses across basically all of early universe
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56 cosmology. And there's a nice side effect
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 too. More low mass stars means more
00:11:58 --> 00:12:01 potential hosts for rocky Earth sized
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 planets in the early universe. This was
00:12:03 --> 00:12:06 published in Nature Astronomy under the very
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 on the nose title, Hidden Mass in Early
00:12:08 --> 00:12:11 Galaxies Revealed by bottom, Heavy initial
00:12:11 --> 00:12:12 Mass Functions.
00:12:12 --> 00:12:15 Avery: The early universe just got a lot more
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 crowded and a lot heavier in one paper.
00:12:18 --> 00:12:20 Anna: Webb keeps doing that to cosmology this year.
00:12:21 --> 00:12:23 Avery: All right, let's get people outside tonight.
00:12:23 --> 00:12:24 What are we looking at?
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 Anna: Grab a telescope if you've got one, because
00:12:26 --> 00:12:28 tonight's, uh, a genuinely good moon night.
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 It's about 56% illuminated right now, and
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 if you look right along the sunrise
00:12:33 --> 00:12:36 terminator, that line between lit and
00:12:36 --> 00:12:38 shadowed, you'll find the crater Theophilus
00:12:38 --> 00:12:40 down along Mare Nectaris.
00:12:40 --> 00:12:42 Avery: What makes that one worth hunting down?
00:12:42 --> 00:12:45 Anna: Specifically, with the sun that low on it,
00:12:45 --> 00:12:47 the shadows are dramatic. You get
00:12:47 --> 00:12:50 Theophilus, sharp, heavily terraced walls,
00:12:50 --> 00:12:53 seamless standing out in real relief. Plus a
00:12:53 --> 00:12:56 big multi pointed central peak casting its
00:12:56 --> 00:12:58 own shadow. It's one of those craters that
00:12:58 --> 00:13:00 actually looks three dimensional through a
00:13:00 --> 00:13:03 scope tonight instead of just a flat circle.
00:13:03 --> 00:13:05 Avery: And um, for anyone without a telescope
00:13:05 --> 00:13:08 Anna: handy, step outside right after sunset and
00:13:08 --> 00:13:10 look west. Venus is still an absolute
00:13:10 --> 00:13:13 beacon out there at, ah, magnitude minus 4.1,
00:13:14 --> 00:13:16 easily the brightest thing in the sky besides
00:13:16 --> 00:13:18 the Moon. And if you're an early riser,
00:13:18 --> 00:13:21 Saturn's moon parade that we mentioned last
00:13:21 --> 00:13:23 episode is still running in the south
00:13:23 --> 00:13:26 southeast before dawn. Titan, Rhea,
00:13:26 --> 00:13:29 Tethys, Dion, all still lined up
00:13:29 --> 00:13:31 thanks to those unusually narrow, nearly
00:13:31 --> 00:13:32 edge on rings.
00:13:33 --> 00:13:35 Avery: Good night to actually use the equipment
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37 instead of letting it collect dust.
00:13:37 --> 00:13:38 Anna: Always is.
00:13:38 --> 00:13:41 And that's it for Today's episode. Series
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 five, episode 172 in the
00:13:44 --> 00:13:45 books.
00:13:45 --> 00:13:47 Avery: Quick recap. Plan space makes history.
00:13:47 --> 00:13:50 Landing Z3's booster, a mega
00:13:50 --> 00:13:53 Earth that refuses to follow the rules, a
00:13:53 --> 00:13:55 star that might let us finally measure a
00:13:55 --> 00:13:57 black hole spin. Um, and James Webb showing
00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 us the early universe was heavier than we
00:14:00 --> 00:14:00 thought all along.
00:14:01 --> 00:14:03 Anna: If you enjoyed the show, the best thing you
00:14:03 --> 00:14:05 can do is tell a friend. Leave us a rating
00:14:05 --> 00:14:07 wherever you listen, and follow us on the
00:14:07 --> 00:14:10 socials at astrodaily Pod for updates between
00:14:10 --> 00:14:12 episodes. And of course, check out our
00:14:12 --> 00:14:15 website at astronomydaily IO for further
00:14:15 --> 00:14:17 details on all of these stories.
00:14:17 --> 00:14:19 Avery: We'll be back tomorrow with more from across
00:14:19 --> 00:14:20 the universe.
00:14:20 --> 00:14:23 Anna: Until then, keep looking up Clear
00:14:23 --> 00:14:24 skies, everyone.
00:14:36 --> 00:14:38 Sam mhm.