- SpaceX's Starship Flight 11: NASA spaceflight has reported that SpaceX is gearing up for Starship Flight 11, marking the final launch from Pad 1A in its current configuration. This mission will transition SpaceX to the advanced Block 3 designs, utilizing booster 152 and ship 38 to test engine redundancy and heat shield performance.
- Terraforming Mars Feasibility: A recent workshop summary suggests that advancements in launch costs, synthetic biology, and climate modeling have made the dream of terraforming Mars more feasible than ever. The proposed process includes warming the planet, introducing extremophiles, and eventually creating an oxygen-rich atmosphere for complex life.
- Discovery of Betel Buddy: Researchers have confirmed the existence of a companion star to Betelgeuse, affectionately named Betel Buddy. This discovery, utilizing advanced instruments like the Hubble Telescope, sheds light on the mysterious dimming cycles of Betelgeuse and challenges existing binary star formation theories.
- Microbial Resilience in Space: A groundbreaking study from RMIT University reveals that Bacillus subtilis spores can survive the extreme conditions of spaceflight, demonstrating resilience that could support astronaut health and sustainable life support systems on long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars.
- Mysterious Sounds in Space: The Daily Galaxy revisits the eerie knocking sounds reported by China's first astronaut, Jingle during his 2003 mission. These sounds, described as akin to a wooden hammer, have been echoed by other astronauts and remain an unsolved mystery in the realm of space exploration.
- For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.
- Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna and Avery signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and exploring the wonders of our universe.
Starship Flight 11 Details
[NASA Spaceflight](https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/)
Terraforming Mars Insights
[Universe Today](https://www.universetoday.com/)
Betel Buddy Discovery
[Carnegie Mellon University](https://www.cmu.edu/)
Microbial Resilience Study
[RMIT University](https://www.rmit.edu.au/)
Mysterious Sounds in Space
[The Daily Galaxy](https://www.dailygalaxy.com/)
Astronomy Daily
[Astronomy Daily](http://www.astronomydaily.io/)
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.
Sponsor Details:
Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!
Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click Here
00:00:01 --> 00:00:03 Avery: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your cosmic
00:00:03 --> 00:00:05 compass guiding us through the latest in
00:00:05 --> 00:00:08 space exploration and celestial discoveries.
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 I'm Avery, and it's fantastic to have you
00:00:10 --> 00:00:11 joining us today.
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 Anna: And I'm Anna. We've got an absolutely
00:00:14 --> 00:00:17 packed show lined up, delving into everything
00:00:17 --> 00:00:20 from groundbreaking starship developments to
00:00:20 --> 00:00:23 the ambitious idea of, uh, terraforming Mars.
00:00:23 --> 00:00:25 And even some truly bizarre and
00:00:25 --> 00:00:27 mysterious sounds reported from orbit.
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 Avery: It's going to be a captivating journey
00:00:30 --> 00:00:31 through the universe's headlines.
00:00:32 --> 00:00:33 Let's kick things off with some big news from
00:00:33 --> 00:00:36 SpaceX. NASA spaceflight has published an
00:00:36 --> 00:00:39 intriguing article discussing Starship Flight
00:00:39 --> 00:00:42 11, which is slated to be the final Launch
00:00:42 --> 00:00:45 utilizing Pad 1A in its current
00:00:45 --> 00:00:47 operational configuration. This truly signals
00:00:47 --> 00:00:50 a major turning point for SpaceX's Starship
00:00:50 --> 00:00:51 program.
00:00:51 --> 00:00:54 Anna: Wow, that's a significant milestone, isn't
00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 it? So this specific pad has been
00:00:57 --> 00:00:59 a workhorse, and now it's getting a
00:00:59 --> 00:00:59 retirement.
00:00:59 --> 00:01:02 Avery: Of sorts of you could say that it marks the
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 culmination of the block one and two vehicle
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 flight tests. After this mission, we're
00:01:07 --> 00:01:09 transitioning fully to the more advanced
00:01:09 --> 00:01:12 block three designs. The powerful Raptor 3
00:01:12 --> 00:01:14 engines, and a completely new optimized
00:01:14 --> 00:01:17 launch pad design. It's an evolution in real
00:01:17 --> 00:01:17 time.
00:01:17 --> 00:01:20 Anna: Block 3, Raptor 3 and a new
00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 pad. That's a lot of upgrades all at once.
00:01:23 --> 00:01:26 What are the specific vehicles they're using
00:01:26 --> 00:01:26 for flight 11?
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 Avery: For this mission, we're looking at booster
00:01:29 --> 00:01:32 152 and ship 38.
00:01:32 --> 00:01:35 Both have histories of successful testing and
00:01:35 --> 00:01:37 impressive performance, so it's fitting
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 they're taking on this final Block two
00:01:39 --> 00:01:39 mission.
00:01:39 --> 00:01:42 Anna: Okay, so proven vehicles for a
00:01:42 --> 00:01:44 pivotal flight. What exactly are they hoping
00:01:44 --> 00:01:46 to achieve with this particular launch?
00:01:46 --> 00:01:48 Beyond just getting off the ground, of
00:01:48 --> 00:01:48 course.
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 Avery: Well, the primary objectives are critical for
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 the next iteration. They're heavily focusing
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 on testing engine redundancy for the Block
00:01:56 --> 00:01:59 three vehicles, ensuring that Starship can
00:01:59 --> 00:02:02 withstand engine failures during ascent. And
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 crucially, they're gathering more data on
00:02:04 --> 00:02:06 heat shield tile performance during RE entry,
00:02:07 --> 00:02:09 which is vital for safe and reusable
00:02:09 --> 00:02:09 operations.
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 Anna: Engine redundancy and heat shield
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 performance, those are absolutely key for
00:02:14 --> 00:02:17 reliability and reusability, especially
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 for future crewed missions.
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 Avery: Absolutely. Every flight is a learning
00:02:21 --> 00:02:24 opportunity. And this one is designed to
00:02:24 --> 00:02:26 maximize data collection for the path
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 forward. And a target launch date, for those
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 of you wanting to watch history in the making
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 is October 13th.
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 Anna: So anytime now, definitely mark your
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 calendars for that one. It sounds like the
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 end of one chapter and the exciting beginning
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 of another. From the very near future of
00:02:41 --> 00:02:44 spaceflight, let's cast our gaze far,
00:02:44 --> 00:02:47 far into the future with A ah, truly
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 captivating piece from Universe today.
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 Could we really turn Mars green?
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 Avery: Mars terraforming has always felt like the
00:02:54 --> 00:02:57 ultimate sci fi dream. Or perhaps a uh,
00:02:57 --> 00:02:58 distant impossible fantasy.
00:02:59 --> 00:03:02 Anna: It certainly did. But the article, based on a
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 workshop summary by Dr. Erica de Benedictis
00:03:04 --> 00:03:07 from Pioneer Labs, proposes that with recent
00:03:07 --> 00:03:10 staggering advancements, terraforming Mars
00:03:10 --> 00:03:13 has shifted from impossible to
00:03:13 --> 00:03:15 merely very difficult.
00:03:15 --> 00:03:18 Avery: Merely very difficult is a huge leap.
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 What are these advancements that are changing
00:03:20 --> 00:03:20 the game?
00:03:20 --> 00:03:23 Anna: She points to three key areas. Plummeting
00:03:23 --> 00:03:26 launch costs, largely thanks to innovators
00:03:26 --> 00:03:28 like SpaceX and their Starship program,
00:03:29 --> 00:03:31 significant breakthroughs in synthetic
00:03:31 --> 00:03:34 biology and much more sophisticated
00:03:34 --> 00:03:36 climate modeling. These combined factors
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 create a new feasibility.
00:03:38 --> 00:03:41 Avery: So cheaper access to space, better ways to
00:03:41 --> 00:03:44 engineer life, and clearer understanding of
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 how planetary systems work. That makes a
00:03:46 --> 00:03:47 compelling argument.
00:03:47 --> 00:03:50 Anna: Exactly. The process would involve several
00:03:50 --> 00:03:53 phases. The first would be warming the planet
00:03:53 --> 00:03:56 using aerosols and greenhouse gases. The
00:03:56 --> 00:03:59 goal here is to melt the polar ice caps and
00:03:59 --> 00:04:02 subsurface ice, which would release vast
00:04:02 --> 00:04:04 amounts of liquid water onto the surface.
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 Avery: Melting the ice to get liquid water. That's
00:04:06 --> 00:04:09 foundational. Then what? Introduce plants.
00:04:09 --> 00:04:12 Anna: Not immediately plants, but microbial
00:04:12 --> 00:04:15 life, specifically extremophiles,
00:04:16 --> 00:04:18 organisms that thrive in harsh conditions.
00:04:19 --> 00:04:22 These microbes would begin the critical work
00:04:22 --> 00:04:24 of atmospheric transformation through
00:04:24 --> 00:04:27 photosynthesis, slowly converting the
00:04:27 --> 00:04:28 Martian atmosphere.
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 Avery: Mm mhm. A biological engine for
00:04:31 --> 00:04:34 atmospheric change. That's ingenious.
00:04:34 --> 00:04:37 And eventually an oxygen rich atmosphere
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 for more complex life.
00:04:39 --> 00:04:42 Anna: Precisely. The long term vision is an
00:04:42 --> 00:04:45 atmosphere capable of sustaining complex
00:04:45 --> 00:04:47 life, potentially starting with domed
00:04:47 --> 00:04:50 habitats as stepping stones. It's a multi
00:04:50 --> 00:04:53 century project, but the theoretical
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 framework is increasingly robust.
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 Avery: It also brings up serious ethical
00:04:58 --> 00:05:01 considerations. Should we as a species
00:05:01 --> 00:05:04 fundamentally alter another planet, even
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 if it's for human expansion?
00:05:06 --> 00:05:09 Anna: Absolutely. Those ethical discussions
00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 are a crucial part of the debate. Alongside
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 the practical benefits like pioneering
00:05:14 --> 00:05:17 technologies that could also help solve
00:05:17 --> 00:05:19 environmental challenges here on Earth.
00:05:19 --> 00:05:22 Avery: Moving from hypothetical Martian futures
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 to a very real, very bright star in our night
00:05:25 --> 00:05:28 sky, Betelgeuse. This red
00:05:28 --> 00:05:30 supergiant has been full of surprises. And
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 Universe Today has just reported on another
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 incredible discovery.
00:05:34 --> 00:05:37 Anna: Betelgeuse. The star that had us all
00:05:37 --> 00:05:40 on edge a few years ago, wondering if it was
00:05:40 --> 00:05:42 about to go supernova, suddenly dimming
00:05:42 --> 00:05:43 so dramatically.
00:05:44 --> 00:05:47 Avery: That's the one. It turns out researchers have
00:05:47 --> 00:05:49 finally confirmed the existence of a secret
00:05:49 --> 00:05:52 companion star to Betelgeuse. They've
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 affectionately and quite aptly nicknamed it
00:05:55 --> 00:05:55 Betal Buddy.
00:05:56 --> 00:05:59 Anna: Bettle Buddy. That's wonderful. I mean,
00:05:59 --> 00:06:02 trying to spot a companion next to a red
00:06:02 --> 00:06:04 supergiant that huge and bright must
00:06:04 --> 00:06:06 have been an immense challenge.
00:06:06 --> 00:06:09 Avery: An incredible challenge indeed. A team from
00:06:09 --> 00:06:11 Carnegie Mellon University led by Anna O',
00:06:11 --> 00:06:14 Grady utilized some of our most advanced
00:06:14 --> 00:06:17 instruments. NASA's Chandra X Ray Observatory
00:06:17 --> 00:06:19 and the venerable Hubble Telescope, to
00:06:19 --> 00:06:20 confirm its existence.
00:06:21 --> 00:06:24 Anna: X rays and visible light. Smart.
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 So how big is this Betel Buddy and what
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 does its discovery tell us about Betelgeuse
00:06:30 --> 00:06:31 itself?
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 Avery: Betel Buddy is a relatively young stellar
00:06:34 --> 00:06:37 object, surprisingly roughly the size of our
00:06:37 --> 00:06:40 own Sun. Its presence is now theorized to be
00:06:40 --> 00:06:42 the key to understanding Betelgeuse's
00:06:42 --> 00:06:45 puzzling six year cycle of brightening and
00:06:45 --> 00:06:45 dimming.
00:06:45 --> 00:06:48 Anna: Ah. Uh, so it's not just a coincidence
00:06:49 --> 00:06:51 the companion affects the supergiant.
00:06:52 --> 00:06:55 Avery: Exactly. The prevailing theory is that Betel
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 Buddy is gravitationally interacting with
00:06:57 --> 00:07:00 Betelgeuse in a way that periodically clears
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 away vast clouds of light blocking dust
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 that surround a larger star. That dust is
00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 what caused the dimming we observed.
00:07:07 --> 00:07:10 Anna: Wow. So it's essentially acting like a
00:07:10 --> 00:07:13 cosmic dust bunny sweeper. That makes
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 so much more sense than some random stellar
00:07:15 --> 00:07:16 event causing the dimming.
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 Avery: A cosmic dust sweeper. I love that. And
00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 what's really fascinating is this discovery
00:07:22 --> 00:07:24 also presents a significant challenge to
00:07:24 --> 00:07:27 current binary star formation models is that
00:07:27 --> 00:07:27 because.
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 Anna: Of the vast difference in their masses,
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 Betelgeuse is what, like 16
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 or 17 times the mass of our own Sun?
00:07:36 --> 00:07:38 Avery: Spot on. We're talking 16 to 17
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 solar masses for Betelgeuse, compared to
00:07:41 --> 00:07:44 roughly one solar mass for Betel Buddy. That
00:07:44 --> 00:07:47 vast mass ratio simply doesn't align
00:07:47 --> 00:07:50 neatly with existing theories of how binary
00:07:50 --> 00:07:52 star systems like this are supposed to form.
00:07:53 --> 00:07:55 Anna: So it's not just solving a mystery about
00:07:55 --> 00:07:58 Betelgeuse, but potentially rewriting a bit
00:07:58 --> 00:08:00 of our understanding of stellar evolution.
00:08:01 --> 00:08:01 Incredible.
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 Let's shift our focus now to something
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 absolutely vital for the future of human
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 space exploration. And it involves some of
00:08:09 --> 00:08:12 the smallest, yet most resilient forms of
00:08:12 --> 00:08:15 life. Space.com has some incredibly
00:08:15 --> 00:08:17 good news for future astronauts.
00:08:17 --> 00:08:20 Avery: Ooh. Good news is always welcome, especially
00:08:20 --> 00:08:22 when it concerns the health of our space
00:08:22 --> 00:08:23 travelers.
00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 Anna: It definitely is. The research conducted
00:08:26 --> 00:08:29 by RMIT University confirms that
00:08:29 --> 00:08:32 microbes essential for human health can
00:08:32 --> 00:08:34 actually survive the intense stress of
00:08:34 --> 00:08:36 spaceflight. They sense spores of
00:08:36 --> 00:08:39 Bacillus subtilis, a common
00:08:39 --> 00:08:41 bacterium vital for our gut health and
00:08:41 --> 00:08:44 general well being on a sounding rocket
00:08:44 --> 00:08:44 flight.
00:08:45 --> 00:08:48 Avery: So our tiny biological co pilots, these
00:08:48 --> 00:08:50 Bacillus subtilis spores, were
00:08:50 --> 00:08:53 deliberately put through the ring of a rocket
00:08:53 --> 00:08:53 launch.
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 Anna: Exactly. And the results are hugely
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 encouraging. The study found these
00:08:58 --> 00:09:01 microscopic spores could withstand
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 extreme accelerations up to 13
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 times Earth's gravity during launch,
00:09:06 --> 00:09:09 survive the microgravity conditions of space
00:09:09 --> 00:09:12 and then endure harsh decelerations of up
00:09:12 --> 00:09:15 to 30G during reentry into the
00:09:15 --> 00:09:15 atmosphere.
00:09:16 --> 00:09:18 Avery: 13G'S and 30G's. That's
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 astounding. Those are forces that would
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 absolutely crush a human.
00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 Anna: Precisely. And despite all that,
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 the spores showed no physical damage
00:09:28 --> 00:09:31 and remarkably grew normally once
00:09:31 --> 00:09:34 they returned to Earth. This is monumental
00:09:34 --> 00:09:37 because it's the first study to test bacteria
00:09:37 --> 00:09:39 in actual real world spaceflight
00:09:39 --> 00:09:42 conditions, not just simulations.
00:09:42 --> 00:09:45 Avery: Wow, that really changes the game for long
00:09:45 --> 00:09:46 duration missions, doesn't it?
00:09:47 --> 00:09:50 Anna: It offers immense hope. This kind of
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 resilience is crucial for maintaining
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 astronaut health on those arduous journey
00:09:54 --> 00:09:57 journeys to the Moon and Mars. Imagine being
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 able to rely on these robust microbes for
00:09:59 --> 00:10:02 various biological processes needed to keep a
00:10:02 --> 00:10:03 crew healthy.
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 Avery: And, um, not just health, but it could also
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 be a cornerstone for developing truly
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 sustainable life support systems in space.
00:10:10 --> 00:10:13 Right. If these tiny workhorses can
00:10:13 --> 00:10:16 endure the journey, they could help process
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 waste to generate oxygen.
00:10:18 --> 00:10:21 Anna: Absolutely. It points towards a future where
00:10:21 --> 00:10:24 our journey into deep space isn't just about
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 rockets and hardware, but also about
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 integrating living systems that can thrive
00:10:29 --> 00:10:30 alongside us.
00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 Avery: Now let's turn our attention to something a
00:10:33 --> 00:10:35 little more mysterious, perhaps even
00:10:35 --> 00:10:38 unsettling. From the annals of space history.
00:10:39 --> 00:10:41 The Daily Galaxy revisits the strange
00:10:41 --> 00:10:44 experience of China's first astronaut, Yang
00:10:44 --> 00:10:44 Liwei.
00:10:45 --> 00:10:48 Anna: Oh, I think I remember hearing about this. He
00:10:48 --> 00:10:51 heard a strange noise, didn't he? Alone
00:10:51 --> 00:10:53 in space, hearing something unexpected
00:10:54 --> 00:10:55 that gives me chills.
00:10:56 --> 00:10:58 Avery: It's truly a chilling account. During his
00:10:58 --> 00:11:01 Shenzhou 5 mission in 2003,
00:11:01 --> 00:11:04 Yang Liwei reported hearing unexplained
00:11:04 --> 00:11:07 knocking sounds. He vividly described it
00:11:07 --> 00:11:09 like someone was hitting the body of the
00:11:09 --> 00:11:10 spaceship with a wooden hammer.
00:11:11 --> 00:11:14 Anna: A wooden hammer that's so distinct.
00:11:14 --> 00:11:17 Not just a creak or a pop, but a
00:11:17 --> 00:11:18 deliberate knocking.
00:11:18 --> 00:11:21 Avery: Exactly. What makes it even stranger is that
00:11:21 --> 00:11:23 other Chinese astronauts have reported
00:11:23 --> 00:11:26 similar occurrences on subsequent missions.
00:11:26 --> 00:11:28 It's not an isolated incident.
00:11:29 --> 00:11:31 Anna: Other astronauts too. That really
00:11:31 --> 00:11:32 deepens the mystery.
00:11:33 --> 00:11:35 Avery: It does. And it brings to mind other
00:11:35 --> 00:11:38 famous unexplained sounds. Like the space
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 music heard by Apollo 11 astronauts.
00:11:41 --> 00:11:43 So what are the leading theories for this
00:11:43 --> 00:11:44 knocking sound?
00:11:44 --> 00:11:47 Anna: I'd imagine thermal expansion and
00:11:47 --> 00:11:50 contraction of the spacecraft. Materials that
00:11:50 --> 00:11:52 always makes strange noises or
00:11:53 --> 00:11:54 micrometeoroid impacts.
00:11:55 --> 00:11:57 Avery: Those are indeed the primary scientific
00:11:57 --> 00:12:00 explanations. Thermal stress as the
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 spacecraft expands and contracts in extreme
00:12:02 --> 00:12:05 temperature shifts. Or the impact of
00:12:05 --> 00:12:08 tiny dust particles or micrometeoroids.
00:12:08 --> 00:12:11 But Yang Liwei and others felt these
00:12:11 --> 00:12:13 theories didn't fully explain the consistent
00:12:13 --> 00:12:16 and distinct nature of the wooden hammer
00:12:16 --> 00:12:16 sound.
00:12:17 --> 00:12:20 Anna: It's the consistency and the specific
00:12:20 --> 00:12:22 timbre of the sound that makes it so
00:12:22 --> 00:12:25 perplexing, it suggests something more than
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 just random physical processes.
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 Avery: The article also broadens the discussion to
00:12:29 --> 00:12:32 remind us that space isn't truly silent.
00:12:33 --> 00:12:35 We've recorded electromagnetic signals,
00:12:35 --> 00:12:38 plasma waves with probes like NASA's Van
00:12:38 --> 00:12:41 Allen, and even audio from Jupiter's moon
00:12:41 --> 00:12:43 Ganymede by the Juno probe.
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 Anna: So space is full of sounds,
00:12:46 --> 00:12:49 just not always the kind we expect or, uh,
00:12:49 --> 00:12:52 can directly hear. But that
00:12:52 --> 00:12:54 specific noggin sound from inside the
00:12:54 --> 00:12:57 capsule, it really remains one of those
00:12:57 --> 00:12:58 enduring space enigmas.
00:12:59 --> 00:13:02 Avery: Precisely. It's a testament to the fact
00:13:02 --> 00:13:05 that even with all our technological
00:13:05 --> 00:13:08 advancements, space still holds secrets
00:13:08 --> 00:13:09 that can truly baffle us.
00:13:10 --> 00:13:13 Anna: And that brings us to the end of another
00:13:13 --> 00:13:16 captivating episode of Astronomy
00:13:16 --> 00:13:18 Daily. From the ambitious future of
00:13:18 --> 00:13:21 starship and terraforming Mars to the
00:13:21 --> 00:13:24 cosmic ballet of Betelgeuse and those
00:13:24 --> 00:13:27 mysterious space knocks, it's been
00:13:27 --> 00:13:28 a stellar show.
00:13:29 --> 00:13:32 Avery: It truly has. Anna. Thank you all for
00:13:32 --> 00:13:34 joining us on this exploration of the
00:13:34 --> 00:13:37 universe's latest and greatest happenings.
00:13:37 --> 00:13:40 Anna: We hope you found today's news as fascinating
00:13:40 --> 00:13:43 as we did. Don't forget to look up tonight
00:13:43 --> 00:13:46 and marvel at the endless wonders above.
00:13:47 --> 00:13:49 Avery: We'll be back tomorrow with more cosmic
00:13:49 --> 00:13:52 insights and space stories. Until then,
00:13:52 --> 00:13:55 keep your eyes on the stars and keep
00:13:55 --> 00:13:55 exploring.