- Challenges for Mars Sample Return Mission: We dive into the hurdles facing NASA's Mars Sample Return Mission (MSR) as costs soar to an estimated $11 billion. Discover Lockheed Martin's innovative proposal to streamline the mission for under $3 billion, potentially saving this crucial scientific endeavour.
- - Revolutionary AI Satellite Technology: Learn about a groundbreaking satellite being developed by researchers at UC Davis, featuring a digital brain that monitors its own condition in real-time. This cutting-edge technology aims to transform satellite operations and reduce the burden on ground teams.
- - Unintentional Signals to Alien Civilisations: Explore new research suggesting that our military and civilian radar signals could be broadcasting our presence to intelligent life up to 200 light years away. This study raises intriguing questions about the potential for contact with extraterrestrial beings.
- - Hubble's Insights into Dark Matter: Marvel at Hubble's latest image of the Abell 209 galaxy cluster, revealing over 100 galaxies and the elusive dark matter that shapes our universe. Learn how gravitational lensing helps astronomers map the distribution of this mysterious substance.
- For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.
- Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
Mars Sample Return Mission
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)
AI Satellite Development
[UC Davis](https://www.ucdavis.edu/)
Extraterrestrial Signals Research
[University of Manchester](https://www.manchester.ac.uk/)
Hubble Space Telescope
[NASA Hubble](https://hubblesite.org/)
Astronomy Daily
[Astronomy Daily](http://www.astronomydaily.io/)
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00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 Anna: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your go to
00:00:02 --> 00:00:04 podcast for the latest and most fascinating
00:00:04 --> 00:00:06 updates from the vast expanse of space and
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 the cutting edge of astronomy. I'm your host
00:00:08 --> 00:00:11 Anna, and I'm thrilled to have you join me
00:00:11 --> 00:00:13 today as we dive into some truly exciting
00:00:13 --> 00:00:16 developments from the ongoing saga of
00:00:16 --> 00:00:18 bringing Martian samples home to satellites
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 with digital brains and even the possibility
00:00:21 --> 00:00:22 of our own signals reaching alien
00:00:22 --> 00:00:25 civilizations. We've got a lot to explore,
00:00:25 --> 00:00:27 plus we're take, uh, a stunning look at how
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 Hubble is helping us unravel the mysteries of
00:00:29 --> 00:00:32 dark matter. So buckle up because we're about
00:00:32 --> 00:00:34 to embark on another cosmic journey.
00:00:35 --> 00:00:37 Let's kick things off today by turning our
00:00:37 --> 00:00:39 attention to Mars, specifically to NASA's
00:00:39 --> 00:00:42 Mars Sample Return Mission, or MSR,
00:00:42 --> 00:00:44 which has been facing some significant
00:00:44 --> 00:00:47 hurdles. The Perseverance rover, which
00:00:47 --> 00:00:50 landed on the red planet in 2021, has
00:00:50 --> 00:00:52 been diligently collecting intriguing
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 samples, all in preparation for this follow
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 up mission to bring them back to Earth for
00:00:56 --> 00:00:59 analysis. However, recent
00:00:59 --> 00:01:01 independent reviews have cast a shadow over
00:01:01 --> 00:01:04 these plans, indicating that the costs for
00:01:04 --> 00:01:07 MSR could balloon to an astounding $11
00:01:07 --> 00:01:10 billion. This steep price tag has
00:01:10 --> 00:01:11 led to the mission facing potential
00:01:11 --> 00:01:13 cancellation in the upcoming Trump
00:01:13 --> 00:01:16 administration budget proposals for
00:01:16 --> 00:01:19 2026. But there might be
00:01:19 --> 00:01:20 a lifeline for this crucial scientific
00:01:20 --> 00:01:23 endeavour. Aerospace giant Lockheed
00:01:23 --> 00:01:26 Martin, a company with deep roots in Mars
00:01:26 --> 00:01:29 exploration, having built 11 of NASA's
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 22 Mars spacecraft over the years, is
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 stepping forward with a new proposal. They're
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 offering a streamlined, more cost effective
00:01:36 --> 00:01:39 mission architecture, aiming to execute the
00:01:39 --> 00:01:42 Mars sample return as a firm fixed price
00:01:42 --> 00:01:45 solution for under $3 billion. That's a
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 significant reduction compared to the current
00:01:47 --> 00:01:50 estimates of 7 billion. Their approach
00:01:50 --> 00:01:52 involves utilising existing designs and
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 streamlining operations for the primary
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 spacecraft and systems, while carefully
00:01:56 --> 00:01:59 managing risk and reducing oversight. This
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 would include a smaller lander, a smaller
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 Mars Ascent Vehicle, and a smaller Earth
00:02:03 --> 00:02:06 Entry system. The lander, for instance, would
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 build on the successful heritage of NASA's
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 InSight lander, which had a smooth touchdown
00:02:10 --> 00:02:13 on Mars in 2018. Lockheed
00:02:13 --> 00:02:15 Martin also highlights its extensive
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 experience with sample return missions,
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 having designed and built the spacecraft and
00:02:19 --> 00:02:22 return capsules for all three of NASA's
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 robotic sample return missions, including the
00:02:24 --> 00:02:27 recent Osiris Rex Asteroid Sample Return
00:02:27 --> 00:02:29 Mission, which brought samples from Asteroid
00:02:29 --> 00:02:31 Bennu back to Earth in 2023.
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 Lockheed Martin believes that by taking a
00:02:34 --> 00:02:37 commercial industry approach, focusing on key
00:02:37 --> 00:02:40 requirements, leveraging flight proven
00:02:40 --> 00:02:43 elements and limiting new designs, they can
00:02:43 --> 00:02:44 bring back the samples that hold the
00:02:44 --> 00:02:47 potential to unlock Mars's mysteries and
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 lay crucial groundwork for future human
00:02:49 --> 00:02:52 missions to The Red Planet. However,
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 Lockheed's plan isn't the only alternative on
00:02:54 --> 00:02:57 the table. Private space company Rocket Lab
00:02:57 --> 00:02:59 also put forward its own cut price proposal
00:02:59 --> 00:03:02 last year, responding to NASA's call for
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 ideas to bring these precious samples home in
00:03:04 --> 00:03:07 a faster and more economical way. And it's
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 not just American companies vying for this
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 challenge. China is also actively working on
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 its own robotic campaign to collect and
00:03:14 --> 00:03:17 return Mars samples. Their Tianwen 3
00:03:17 --> 00:03:20 mission is set for launch in late 2028
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 and if successful, could make China the first
00:03:22 --> 00:03:25 to acquire historic Red Planet samples
00:03:25 --> 00:03:28 potentially holding evidence of life beyond
00:03:28 --> 00:03:31 Earth. Interestingly, the US approach
00:03:31 --> 00:03:33 to Mars seems to be undergoing a broader
00:03:33 --> 00:03:36 shift, moving away from purely robotic
00:03:36 --> 00:03:37 missions and more towards putting astronauts
00:03:37 --> 00:03:40 on the Red plan. This direction is reflected
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 in the current administration's budget
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 proposals, likely leveraging advancements
00:03:44 --> 00:03:47 like SpaceX's in development. Starship Mega
00:03:47 --> 00:03:50 Rocket. While landing humans on Mars is a
00:03:50 --> 00:03:53 far more complex and challenging undertaking,
00:03:53 --> 00:03:55 if realised, it would also bring invaluable
00:03:55 --> 00:03:58 martian rock dust and atmospheric samples
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 directly to Earth, potentially even more
00:04:00 --> 00:04:03 comprehensively than a robotic mission. It's
00:04:03 --> 00:04:06 a fascinating time for Mars exploration with
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 multiple pathways being explored to unlock
00:04:08 --> 00:04:11 its secrets from the red dust
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 of Mars, let's now pivot to something truly
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 innovative happening much closer to home,
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 right here in Earth's orbit.
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 Imagine a satellite no bigger than a mini
00:04:20 --> 00:04:22 fridge that's about to change space
00:04:22 --> 00:04:24 technology as we know it. And it's happening
00:04:24 --> 00:04:27 at an almost unheard of pace. Researchers
00:04:27 --> 00:04:30 from UC Davis have developed a groundbreaking
00:04:30 --> 00:04:33 satellite system that can monitor and predict
00:04:33 --> 00:04:35 its own condition in real time. All thanks to
00:04:35 --> 00:04:38 artificial intelligence. This marks a
00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 significant milestone. The first time a
00:04:40 --> 00:04:42 digital brain has been built directly into a
00:04:42 --> 00:04:45 spacecraft to operate independently in orbit.
00:04:45 --> 00:04:48 What makes this even more astonishing is the
00:04:48 --> 00:04:51 speed at which it's come to fruition. The
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 entire project, from initial planning to its
00:04:53 --> 00:04:56 upcoming launch in October 2025, will
00:04:56 --> 00:04:59 be completed in a mere 13 months. This
00:04:59 --> 00:05:01 shatters the typical multi year development
00:05:01 --> 00:05:03 cycles for satellite missions, largely due to
00:05:03 --> 00:05:05 a unique partnership between university
00:05:05 --> 00:05:08 scientists and engineers in Proteus space,
00:05:08 --> 00:05:10 creating what they call the first rapid
00:05:10 --> 00:05:12 design to deployment satellite system of its
00:05:12 --> 00:05:15 kind. The real star of this mission is its
00:05:15 --> 00:05:18 custom payload. A special package inside the
00:05:18 --> 00:05:21 satellite that houses a digital twin. Now you
00:05:21 --> 00:05:23 might have heard of digital twins before, but
00:05:23 --> 00:05:25 typically these computer models of spacecraft
00:05:25 --> 00:05:28 systems reside on Earth and receive updates
00:05:28 --> 00:05:31 from space. This new innovation is different.
00:05:31 --> 00:05:33 This M digital twin lives and works inside
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 the satellite itself. This means the
00:05:35 --> 00:05:37 satellite doesn't need to constantly phone
00:05:37 --> 00:05:39 home to understand its own health.
00:05:40 --> 00:05:42 Instead, it uses its Built in sensors and
00:05:42 --> 00:05:44 software to continuously check the status of
00:05:44 --> 00:05:47 its batteries, monitor power levels, and even
00:05:47 --> 00:05:49 anticipate potential future issues.
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 As Adam Zufal, a graduate researcher on the
00:05:52 --> 00:05:55 project, explained, the spacecraft itself can
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 let us know how it's doing, which is all done
00:05:57 --> 00:06:00 by humans. Now, the artificial intelligence
00:06:00 --> 00:06:02 at the heart of this system doesn't just
00:06:02 --> 00:06:05 collect data, it learns from it over
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 time. The satellite's brain is designed to
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 get smarter, improving its ability to predict
00:06:09 --> 00:06:11 how its batteries and other systems will
00:06:11 --> 00:06:14 behave. This incredible capability allows the
00:06:14 --> 00:06:15 satellite to adjust its operations
00:06:15 --> 00:06:18 autonomously, proactively heading off
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 problems even before they fully develop.
00:06:21 --> 00:06:23 Professor Steven Robinson, who directs the
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 lab that built the payload, highlighted this,
00:06:26 --> 00:06:28 stating it should get smarter as it goes and
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 be able to predict how it's going to perform
00:06:30 --> 00:06:33 in the near future. Current satellites do not
00:06:33 --> 00:06:35 have this capability. This cutting
00:06:35 --> 00:06:38 edge technology is the result of impressive
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 teamwork, bringing together experts in
00:06:40 --> 00:06:43 robotics, space systems, computer science
00:06:43 --> 00:06:46 and battery research. Graduate students have
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 played a major role, contributing to
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 everything from the spacecraft's software
00:06:50 --> 00:06:53 design to how the AI makes its predictions.
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 Once launched from Vandenberg Space Force
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 Base, the satellite will enter low Earth
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 orbit, where it's designed to remain active
00:07:00 --> 00:07:03 for up to 12 months, rigorously testing its
00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 smart brain in the harsh environment of
00:07:05 --> 00:07:08 space. After its mission, it will safely
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 deorbit and burn up in the atmosphere,
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 ensuring a clean space environment. The
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 implications of this self monitoring
00:07:15 --> 00:07:18 satellite are vast. Currently, ground teams
00:07:18 --> 00:07:20 are constantly managing spacecraft, running
00:07:20 --> 00:07:23 checks and responding to problems, which
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 leads to delays, increased costs and added
00:07:25 --> 00:07:28 risks. By embedding real time digital twins
00:07:28 --> 00:07:31 on board, future satellites could adjust to
00:07:31 --> 00:07:33 problems on their own. Whether it's shutting
00:07:33 --> 00:07:36 down, failing parts, conserving power, or
00:07:36 --> 00:07:39 warning engineers of impending issues days in
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 advance, this innovative approach
00:07:41 --> 00:07:44 promises to significantly reduce the workload
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 for ground teams and vastly improve the life
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 and safety of space missions. This small
00:07:48 --> 00:07:50 satellite could truly spark a major shift in
00:07:50 --> 00:07:52 how future space systems are built and
00:07:52 --> 00:07:53 operated.
00:07:54 --> 00:07:56 Now, from cutting edge satellites, let's turn
00:07:56 --> 00:07:59 our gaze outward, far beyond Earth's
00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 immediate vicinity to a fascinating and
00:08:01 --> 00:08:04 perhaps slightly unsettling. Are we
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 inadvertently broadcasting our presence to
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 intelligent alien life? New research
00:08:09 --> 00:08:11 suggests we might already be doing just that,
00:08:11 --> 00:08:13 sending out signals that could inadvertently
00:08:13 --> 00:08:15 scream, we're here. Come find us.
00:08:16 --> 00:08:19 According to this new study, military and
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 civilian radar signals emanating from Earth
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 could serve as a beacon for advanced alien
00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 civilizations, indicating the presence of
00:08:26 --> 00:08:28 intelligent life on our planet. These
00:08:28 --> 00:08:31 hidden electromagnetic leakages could
00:08:31 --> 00:08:34 potentially be visible to aliens up to 200
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 light years away, provided they possess state
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 of the art radio telescopes comparable to our
00:08:39 --> 00:08:42 own. This concept, of course, works both
00:08:42 --> 00:08:45 ways, offering clues on how far out in the
00:08:45 --> 00:08:46 cosmos we might be able to detect similar
00:08:46 --> 00:08:49 signals from other advanced civilizations.
00:08:49 --> 00:08:52 Ramiro K. Said, the team leader and a
00:08:52 --> 00:08:54 researcher from the University of Manchester
00:08:54 --> 00:08:57 explained that their findings suggest radar
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 signals produced unintentionally by any
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 planet with advanced technology and complex
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 aviation systems could act as a universal
00:09:04 --> 00:09:07 sign of intelligent life. This research
00:09:07 --> 00:09:09 supports both the scientific quest to answer
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 the perennial question are we alone?
00:09:12 --> 00:09:14 And our practical efforts to manage the
00:09:14 --> 00:09:16 influence of technology on our world and
00:09:16 --> 00:09:18 beyond. The team specifically
00:09:18 --> 00:09:21 highlighted major global aviation hubs such
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 as o' Hare International Airport in Chicago,
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 John F. Kennedy International Airport in New
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 York, and Heathrow Airport in London.
00:09:29 --> 00:09:31 Their simulations revealed that the combined
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 radio signals from these airport radar
00:09:33 --> 00:09:36 systems, which constantly sweep the skies for
00:09:36 --> 00:09:38 aircraft, are strong enough to be picked up
00:09:38 --> 00:09:41 by powerful telescopes located as far
00:09:41 --> 00:09:44 as 200 light years away. This means that
00:09:44 --> 00:09:47 if intelligent life exists on a potentially
00:09:47 --> 00:09:49 habitable world like Proxima Centauri B,
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 which is a ah, mere four light years away,
00:09:52 --> 00:09:55 their radio telescopes could already be
00:09:55 --> 00:09:56 detecting our leaked signals.
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 Military radar signals present a slightly
00:09:59 --> 00:10:02 different scenario. These signals are more
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 focused and directed, creating lighthouse
00:10:04 --> 00:10:07 like beams that sweep across space. As Kes
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 Said noted, these military signals would
00:10:09 --> 00:10:12 appear clearly artificial to anyone watching
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 from interstellar distances with powerful
00:10:14 --> 00:10:16 radio telescopes, and can even appear up to a
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 hundred times stronger from certain vantage
00:10:18 --> 00:10:21 points in space. Beyond the exciting
00:10:21 --> 00:10:22 implications for the Search for
00:10:22 --> 00:10:25 Extraterrestrial Intelligence, or ceti,
00:10:25 --> 00:10:27 this research also offers valuable insights
00:10:27 --> 00:10:30 for perfecting our terrestrial radar systems
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 and understanding the broader impact of human
00:10:32 --> 00:10:35 technology on our cosmic environment. It
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 truly makes you wonder who might be listening
00:10:37 --> 00:10:38 out there.
00:10:39 --> 00:10:41 From thinking about who might be listening to
00:10:41 --> 00:10:44 our signals, let's now shift our focus to
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 what we can observe in the vastness of space,
00:10:46 --> 00:10:49 particularly a new breathtaking image
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 from the Hubble Space Telescope. This image
00:10:52 --> 00:10:55 zeroes in on Abell 209, a
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 truly colossal galaxy cluster situated
00:10:58 --> 00:11:00 approximately 2.8 billion light years
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 away in the constellation Cetus, also known
00:11:03 --> 00:11:06 as the whale. Hubble's latest portrait
00:11:06 --> 00:11:08 reveals more than 100 gleaming galaxies
00:11:08 --> 00:11:11 within this cluster, presenting a mesmerising
00:11:11 --> 00:11:13 sight. However, what we can visually see is
00:11:13 --> 00:11:16 only a fraction of the story. These galaxies
00:11:16 --> 00:11:19 are separated by immense distances stretching
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 millions of light years apart, and the space
00:11:21 --> 00:11:24 between them is far from empty. It's filled
00:11:24 --> 00:11:27 with scorching diffuse gas, which is only
00:11:27 --> 00:11:30 detectable through X ray observations. And
00:11:30 --> 00:11:31 then there's the most mysterious
00:11:32 --> 00:11:35 dark matter. This invisible
00:11:35 --> 00:11:37 form of matter doesn't interact with light,
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 yet it makes up a significant portion of the
00:11:39 --> 00:11:42 universe. In fact, scientists estimate that
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 the cosmos is composed of about 5%
00:11:45 --> 00:11:48 normal matter, 25% dark matter,
00:11:48 --> 00:11:51 and a staggering 70% dark energy.
00:11:52 --> 00:11:54 Clusters like a Bell 209 are incredibly
00:11:54 --> 00:11:57 massive, so much so that they actually warp
00:11:57 --> 00:12:00 the very fabric of space around them. This
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 distortion bends the light coming from even
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 more distant galaxies located behind the
00:12:04 --> 00:12:07 cluster, a phenomenon known as gravitational
00:12:07 --> 00:12:09 lensing. This acts like a natural
00:12:09 --> 00:12:12 cosmic magnifying glass, enabling
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 scientists to study galaxies that would
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 otherwise be too faint or simply too far away
00:12:16 --> 00:12:19 to observe. While this particular image of
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 Abel 209 doesn't display the dramatic
00:12:21 --> 00:12:24 rings often associated with gravitational
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 lensing, it still shows subtle
00:12:26 --> 00:12:29 signs of this effect. You can spot
00:12:29 --> 00:12:32 streaky, slightly curved galaxies nestled
00:12:32 --> 00:12:34 within the cluster's golden glow. By
00:12:34 --> 00:12:36 meticulously measuring the distortion of
00:12:36 --> 00:12:39 these background galaxies, astronomers can
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 precisely map the distribution of mass within
00:12:41 --> 00:12:44 the cluster, effectively illuminating the
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 underlying invisible cloud of dark matter.
00:12:47 --> 00:12:49 This vital information, which Hubble's
00:12:49 --> 00:12:51 exquisite resolution and sensitive
00:12:51 --> 00:12:53 instruments help to provide, is absolutely
00:12:53 --> 00:12:56 critical for testing our theories about how
00:12:56 --> 00:12:58 our universe has evolved over cosmic time.
00:13:00 --> 00:13:01 That brings us to the end of another
00:13:01 --> 00:13:03 fascinating journey through the cosmos. On
00:13:03 --> 00:13:06 Astronomy Daily Today, we've covered the
00:13:06 --> 00:13:08 ambitious plans to rescue the Mars Sample
00:13:08 --> 00:13:11 Return mission, the groundbreaking AI powered
00:13:11 --> 00:13:14 satellite poised to revolutionise space tech,
00:13:14 --> 00:13:16 the intriguing possibility of our airport
00:13:16 --> 00:13:19 radar signals reaching alien civilizations,
00:13:19 --> 00:13:21 and Hubble's incredible work in unmasking
00:13:21 --> 00:13:24 dark matter in the distant Abell 209
00:13:24 --> 00:13:27 galaxy cluster. Thank you for tuning in
00:13:27 --> 00:13:29 and exploring these cosmic wonders with me,
00:13:29 --> 00:13:31 Anna. You, uh, can catch up on all the latest
00:13:31 --> 00:13:33 space and astronomy news with our constantly
00:13:33 --> 00:13:35 updating news feedback and listen to all our
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37 back episodes by visiting our
00:13:37 --> 00:13:39 website@astronomydaily.IO.
00:13:40 --> 00:13:42 don't forget to subscribe to Astronomy Daily
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00:13:45 --> 00:13:47 wherever you get your podcasts. To ensure you
00:13:47 --> 00:13:49 never miss an episode. Until tomorrow, keep
00:13:49 --> 00:13:50 looking up